Mehahong ea sejoale-joale ea marang-rang, VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) le VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network) ke litheknoloji tse peli tse atileng haholo tsa marang-rang. Li ka 'na tsa bonahala li tšoana, empa ha e le hantle ho na le liphapang tse ngata tsa bohlokoa.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
VLAN ke khutsufatso ea Virtual Local Area Network (Virtual local area network). Ke mokhoa o arolang lisebelisoa tsa 'mele ho LAN ho li-subnets tse' maloa ho latela likamano tse utloahalang. VLAN e hlophisitsoe ho li-switches tsa marang-rang ho arola lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang ka lihlopha tse fapaneng tse utloahalang. Leha lisebelisoa tsena li ka ba libakeng tse fapaneng, VLAN e li nolofalletsa ho ba karolo ea marang-rang a tšoanang, e nolofalletsang taolo e feto-fetohang le ho itšehla thajana.
Motheo oa theknoloji ea VLAN o karohanong ea likou tsa switch. Lits'oants'o li laola sephethephethe ho latela ID ea VLAN (VLAN identifier). Li-ID tsa VLAN li tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 4095 'me hangata ke linomoro tse 12 tsa binary (ke hore, mofuta oa 0 ho isa ho 4095), ho bolelang hore switch e ka tšehetsa ho fihla ho 4,096 VLans.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa
○ Tsebiso ea VLAN: Ha pakete e kenya switch, switch e etsa qeto ea hore na pakete e lokela ho romelloa ho VLAN ho ipapisitsoe le tlhaiso-leseling ea VLAN e paketeng. Ka tloaelo, protocol ea IEEE 802.1Q e sebelisetsoa ho tšoaea VLAN foreimi ea data.
○ Sebaka sa Phatlalatso sa VLAN: VLAN ka 'ngoe ke sebaka se ikemetseng sa khaso. Leha li-VLans tse ngata li le sesebelisoa se le seng, liphatlalatso tsa bona li arohane, li fokotsa sephethephethe sa phatlalatso se sa hlokahaleng.
○ Phetiso ea Lintlha: Phetolelo e fetisetsa pakete ea data boema-kepeng bo tsamaisanang ho latela li-tag tsa VLAN tse fapaneng. Haeba lisebelisoa pakeng tsa VLans tse fapaneng li hloka ho buisana, li tlameha ho fetisetsoa ka lisebelisoa tsa layer 3, tse kang li-routers.
A re re u na le k'hamphani e nang le mafapha a mangata, 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e sebelisa VLAN e fapaneng. Ka sesebelisoa, o ka arola lisebelisoa tsohle tsa lefapha la lichelete ho VLAN 10, tse lefapheng la thekiso ho VLAN 20, le tse lefapheng la theknoloji ho VLAN 30. Ka tsela ena, marang-rang pakeng tsa mafapha a arohane ka ho feletseng.
Melemo
○ Tšireletseho e Ntlafetseng: VLAN e ka thibela ka katleho phihlello e sa lumelloeng lipakeng tsa VLans tse fapaneng ka ho arola litšebeletso tse fapaneng ho linetweke tse fapaneng.
○ Taolo ea Sephethephethe sa Marang-rang: Ka ho fana ka li-VLans, lifefo tsa khaso li ka qojoa 'me marang-rang a sebetsa hantle haholoanyane. Lipakete tsa phatlalatso li tla phatlalatsoa feela ka har'a VLAN, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea bandwidth.
○ Netweke Flexibility: VLAN e ka arola marang-rang ho latela litlhoko tsa khoebo. Ka mohlala, lisebelisoa tsa lefapha la lichelete li ka abeloa VLAN e le 'ngoe esita le haeba li le mekatong e fapaneng.
Mefokolo
○ Boemo bo Lekanyelitsoeng: Kaha VLans e itšetlehile ka li-switch tsa setso le tšehetso ho fihla ho 4096 VLans, sena e ka ba tšitiso bakeng sa marang-rang a maholo kapa tikoloho e kholo e ntlafalitsoeng.
○ Bothata ba Khokahano ea li-Cross-domain: VLAN ke marang-rang a lehae, puisano le VLAN e tlameha ho etsoa ka switch kapa lirutha tse tharo, tse ka eketsang ho rarahana ha marang-rang.
Boemo ba Kopo
○ Karohano le Tšireletseho ho Marang-rang a Likhoebo: Li-VLans li sebelisoa haholo marangrang a likhoebo, haholo mekhatlong e meholo kapa tikolohong ea mafapha a fapaneng. Ts'ireletso le taolo ea phihlello ea marang-rang e ka netefatsoa ka ho arola mafapha a fapaneng kapa litsamaiso tsa khoebo ka VLAN. Mohlala, lefapha la lichelete hangata le tla ba VLAN e fapaneng le lefapha la R&D ho qoba phihlello e sa lumelloeng.
○ Fokotsa Sefefo sa Khaso: VLAN e thusa ho fokotsa sephethephethe sa khaso. Ka tloaelo, lipakete tsa phatlalatso li tla phatlalatsoa ho pholletsa le marang-rang, empa tikolohong ea VLAN, sephethephethe sa phatlalatso se tla phatlalatsoa feela ka har'a VLAN, e leng se fokotsang ka katleho moroalo oa marang-rang o bakoang ke sefefo sa phatlalatso.
○ Netweke ya Sebaka se Senyane kapa se Bohareng: Bakeng sa dikgwebo tse ding tse nyane le tse mahareng, VLAN e fana ka tsela e bonolo le e sebetsang ya ho aha marangrang a kgethehileng, ho etsa hore taolo ya marangrang e be bonolo.
VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network)
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) ke theknoloji e ncha e reretsoeng ho rarolla mefokolo ea VLAN ea setso sebakeng se seholo sa data le tikoloho ea virtualization. E sebelisa theknoloji ea encapsulation ho fetisetsa lipakete tsa data tsa layer 2 (L2) ka marang-rang a teng a Layer 3 (L3), a phunyeletsang moeli oa scalability oa VLAN.
Ka theknoloji ea tunneling le mochine oa encapsulation, VXLAN "e roala" lipakete tsa data tsa pele tsa 2 ka har'a lipakete tsa data tsa 3 IP, e le hore lipakete tsa data li ka fetisoa ka marang-rang a IP a teng. Ntho ea mantlha ea VXLAN e itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa eona oa ho kenyelletsa le oa unencapsulation, ke hore, mokhoa oa setso oa L2 oa data o kenyelelitsoe ke protocol ea UDP mme o fetisoa ka marang-rang a IP.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa
○ VXLAN Header Encapsulation: Ts'ebetsong ea VXLAN, pakete e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea layer 2 e tla kenngoa e le pakete ea UDP. VXLAN encapsulation e kenyelletsa: VXLAN network identifier (VNI), UDP header, IP header le lintlha tse ling.
○ Tunnel Terminal (VTEP) : VXLAN e sebelisa tekhenoloji ea ho tsamaisa lithanele 'me lipakete li koaletsoe le ho behoa ka har'a para ea lisebelisoa tsa VTEP. VTEP, VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, ke borokho bo kopanyang VLAN le VXLAN. VTEP e kenyelletsa lipakete tsa L2 tse amoheloang e le lipakete tsa VXLAN ebe li li romella sebakeng sa VTEP, e leng sona se hlahisang lipakete tse kentsoeng ka har'a lipakete tsa pele tsa L2.
○ Encapsulation Process of VXLAN: Kamora ho hokela sehlooho sa VXLAN ho pakete ea data ea mantlha, sephutheloana sa data se tla fetisetsoa sebakeng sa VTEP ka marang-rang a IP. Sebaka sa VTEP se senya sephutheloana ebe se se fetisetsa ho se amohelang se nepahetseng ho latela lintlha tsa VNI.
Melemo
○ Scalable: VXLAN e ts'ehetsa ho fihla ho 16 million virtual Networks (VNI), ho feta li-Identifiers tsa VLAN's 4096, e leng se etsang hore e lokele litsi tse kholo tsa data le tikoloho ea maru.
○ Tšehetso ea Cross-data Center: VXLAN e ka atolosa marang-rang pakeng tsa litsi tse ngata tsa data libakeng tse fapaneng tsa libaka, ho tlōla meeli ea VLAN ea setso, 'me e loketse tikoloho ea sejoale-joale ea cloud computing le virtualization.
○ Nolofatsa Marang-rang a Setsi sa Boitsebiso: Ka VXLAN, lisebelisoa tsa hardware tse tsoang ho bahlahisi ba fapaneng li ka sebelisana, tsa tšehetsa libaka tse nang le batho ba bangata, le ho nolofatsa moralo oa marang-rang oa litsi tsa data tse kholo.
Mefokolo
○ Mathata a Phahameng: Tokiso ea VXLAN e batla e rarahane, e kenyelletsa ho koaheloa ha kotopo, tlhophiso ea VTEP, joalo-joalo, e hlokang tšehetso e eketsehileng ea stack ea tekheniki le ho eketsa ho rarahana ha tšebetso le tlhokomelo.
○ Network Latency: Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e eketsehileng e hlokoang ke ts'ebetso ea encapsulation le unencapsulation, VXLAN e ka hlahisa latency ea marang-rang, leha ho le joalo latency ena hangata e nyane, empa e ntse e hloka ho hlokomeloa libakeng tse batlang ts'ebetso e phahameng.
Boemo ba Kopo ea VXLAN
○ Data Center Network Virtualization: VXLAN e sebelisoa haholo litsing tse kholo tsa data. Li-server tse setsing sa data hangata li sebelisa theknoloji ea virtualization, VXLAN e ka thusa ho theha marang-rang pakeng tsa li-server tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, ho qoba moeli oa VLAN ho scalability.
○ Sebaka sa Cloud se nang le batho ba bangata: Marung a sechaba kapa a poraefete, VXLAN e ka fana ka marang-rang a ikemetseng bakeng sa mohiri e mong le e mong le ho tseba marang-rang a mohiri ka mong ka VNI. Karolo ena ea VXLAN e loketse hantle bakeng sa komporo ea leru ea sejoale-joale le libaka tse nang le batho ba bangata.
○ Network Scaling Across Data Centers: VXLAN e loketse haholo maemo ao marang-rang a tlamehang ho sebelisoa libakeng tse ngata tsa data kapa libaka. Hobane VXLAN e sebelisa marang-rang a IP bakeng sa encapsulation, e khona ho pharalla habonolo litsi tse fapaneng tsa data le libaka tsa libaka ho fihlela ho atolosoa ha marang-rang lefatšeng ka bophara.
VLAN vs VxLAN
VLAN le VXLAN ka bobeli ke mahlale a marang-rang a marang-rang, empa a loketse maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebeliso. VLAN e loketse tikoloho ea marang-rang e nyane kapa e mahareng, 'me e ka fana ka ho itšehla thajana le ts'ireletso ea mantlha ea marang-rang. Matla a eona a holim'a bonolo ba eona, bonolo ba tlhophiso, le tšehetso e pharaletseng.
VXLAN ke thekenoloji e etselitsoeng ho sebetsana ka katleho le tlhokahalo ea katoloso e kholo ea marang-rang libakeng tsa morao-rao tsa data le libaka tsa cloud computing. Matla a VXLAN a itšetlehile ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho tšehetsa limilione tsa marang-rang a marang-rang, ho etsa hore e be e loketseng ho tsamaisa marang-rang a sebele ho pholletsa le litsi tsa data. E phunyeletsa moeli oa VLAN ka scalability, 'me e loketse moralo o rarahaneng oa marang-rang.
Le hoja lebitso la VXLAN le bonahala e le mokhoa oa ho atolosa VLAN, ha e le hantle, VXLAN e fapane haholo le VLAN ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho haha lithanele. Liphapang tse kholo lipakeng tsa tsona ke tse latelang:
Sebopeho | VLAN | VXLAN |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | IEEE 802.1Q | RFC 7348 (IETF) |
| Lera | Lera 2 (Sehokelo sa Lintlha) | Lera 2 holim'a Layer 3 (L2oL3) |
| Khatiso | Sehlooho sa 802.1Q Ethernet | MAC-in-UDP (e kenyelelitsoe ho IP) |
| Boholo ba ID | 12-bit (0-4095 VLANs) | 24-bit (li-VNI tse limilione tse 16.7) |
| Scalability | Limited (4094 li-VLAN tse ka sebelisoang) | Haholo-holo (e tšehetsa maru a hiriloeng ka bongata) |
| Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso | Likhohola tsa setso (ka har'a VLAN) | E sebelisa IP multicast kapa phetiso ea hlooho |
| Ka holimo | Tlase (4-byte VLAN tag) | Holimo (~ 50 byte: UDP + IP + VXLAN lihlooho) |
| Ho Ikhetha ka Sephethephethe | Ho joalo (ho ea ka VLAN) | Ho joalo (ho ea ka VNI) |
| Ho etsa tunneling | Ha ho tunneling (flat L2) | E sebelisa VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) |
| Sebelisa Maemo | Li-LAN tse nyane / tse mahareng, marang-rang a likhoebo | Litsi tsa data tsa Cloud, SDN, VMware NSX, Cisco ACI |
| Ho itshetleha ka Sefate se Sefate (STP). | Ee (ho thibela loops) | Che (e sebelisa Layer 3 routing, e qoba litaba tsa STP) |
| Tšehetso ea Hardware | E tšehetsoa ho li-switches tsohle | E hloka li-switch/NIC tse nang le bokhoni ba VXLAN (kapa li-software VTEPs) |
| Tšehetso ea Mobility | E lekantsoe (ka har'a sebaka se tšoanang sa L2) | Betere (li-VM li ka tsamaea ka har'a subnets) |
Mylinking™ Network Packet Broker e ka etsa eng bakeng sa Network Virtual Technology?
VLAN Tagged, VLAN Untagged, VLAN e nkeloe sebaka:
E tšehelitse ho bapisa karolo efe kapa efe ea bohlokoa ho li-byte tsa pele tse 128 tsa pakete. Mosebelisi a ka iketsetsa boleng ba offset le bolelele ba tšimo le litaba, 'me a khetha leano la tlhahiso ea sephethephethe ho latela tlhophiso ea mosebelisi.
Tunnel Encapsulation Stripping:
E tšehelitse VxLAN, VLAN, GRE, GTP, MPLS, IPIP hlooho e hlobotsoeng ka har'a pakete ea data ea mantlha le tlhahiso e rometsoeng.
Tunneling Protocol Identification
E tšehetsoa ka boiketsetso e khethollang liprothokholo tse fapaneng tsa tunnel tse joalo ka GTP / GRE / PPTP / L2TP / PPPOE/IPIP. Ho ea ka tlhophiso ea mosebelisi, leano la tlhahiso ea sephethephethe le ka sebelisoa ho latela karolo e kahare kapa kantle ea kotopo.
U ka sheba mona bakeng sa lintlha tse ling mabapi le tse amanangNetwork Packet Broker.
Nako ea poso: Jun-25-2025
